Mammogram Screening and Breast Biopsy
A mammogram is a standard imaging test used in breast cancer detection. In some cases, if an area of concern is identified, a breast biopsy may be recommended to obtain more information. This page provides a factual overview of both procedures, from routine screening mammogram to diagnostic biopsy, to help you understand the clinical pathway.
Mammogram Screening
A screening mammogram is an X-ray of the breast used to check for early signs of breast cancer in individuals with or without symptoms. The purpose of screening mammogram is early detection of abnormalities that may not be clinically detectable.
The Process
During the procedure, each breast is gently compressed between two plates on the mammography machine to spread the tissue evenly. X-ray images are then taken from different angles for evaluation.
2D vs. 3D Mammogram
A 2D mammogram is commonly used for screening. According to Ministry of Health (MOH) Singapore guidelines, women aged 50 and above should undergo mammogram screening every two years, while women aged 40–49 are recommended to screen annually.
A 3D mammogram is an advanced imaging test that combines multiple low-dose X-ray images into a detailed 3D picture of breast tissue. It enhances cancer detection and reduces false alarms by allowing radiologists to view breast tissue in thin, one-millimeter slices.
AI-Assisted Mammogram Analysis
Digital mammography systems may incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) tools to assist radiologists in reviewing images. AI-assisted analysis can highlight areas that may require closer evaluation.
AI functions as a support tool and does not replace clinical interpretation by a radiologist. Final image review and clinical decisions remain the responsibility of the reporting doctor.
After a Screening Mammogram: Understanding Next Steps
After a screening mammogram, the images are reviewed by a radiologist. In some cases, additional imaging may be required for further assessment.
Next Steps
If an area requires further evaluation, you may be recalled for biopsy or breast ultrasound. These tests provide more detailed imaging of the specific area.
Recommendation for Biopsy
If the additional imaging identifies a persistent or suspicious finding, a breast biopsy may be recommended. A biopsy allows a small sample of tissue to be obtained for laboratory analysis to determine the nature of the cells.
Breast Biopsy Procedure
A breast biopsy is a procedure to remove a small sample of breast tissue for microscopic examination. It is the only test that can provide a definitive diagnosis for a breast abnormality.
Purpose
The purpose of a biopsy is to determine whether the tissue sample contains benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous) cells.
Common Technique
A core needle biopsy is a commonly performed method. A hollow needle is used to remove small cylindrical samples of tissue from the area of concern.
Imaging Guidance
The biopsy is typically guided by imaging techniques such as ultrasound or mammogram (stereotactic biopsy) to ensure accurate placement of the needle.
The Procedure
The skin is cleansed and local anaesthesia is administered to numb the area. A small incision is made to allow insertion of the biopsy needle. Several tissue samples are collected. A small marker may be placed at the biopsy site for future reference.
What to Expect at Precious Medical
At Precious Medical, breast imaging and biopsy procedures follow a structured clinical process.
Scheduling
Appointments for mammogram screening and breast biopsy may be scheduled by phone or through the online portal.
Clinical Team
Procedures are performed by radiologists and trained technologists experienced in breast imaging.
Technology
Digital mammography systems are used for breast imaging. Biopsies are performed under imaging guidance, such as ultrasound or stereotactic mammography.
Results
Biopsy samples are sent to a pathology laboratory for analysis. Results are generally available within a few business days. A member of the care team will contact you to discuss findings and recommended next steps.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q: What is the difference between a screening and a diagnostic mammogram?
A: A screening mammogram is a routine imaging test for individuals without symptoms. A diagnostic mammogram is used to investigate a specific concern identified during screening or due to symptoms.
Q: What happens during a breast biopsy?
A: The area is numbed with local anaesthesia. A needle is used to remove small tissue samples, typically guided by imaging such as ultrasound or mammogram.
Q: How long does it take to get biopsy results?
A: Results are generally available within a few business days after laboratory analysis of the tissue sample.
Q: Is a biopsy necessary after an abnormal mammogram?
A: A biopsy is the only method that can provide a definitive diagnosis for an abnormality seen on imaging. Not all abnormalities are cancerous, but tissue analysis is required for confirmation.